Conectando o Linux a Internet com ADSL-Velox (Telemar)
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HOWTO-Velox Marcelo Toledo <> v1.5, 28 de Dezembro de 2002 Este documento explica como instalar o serviço de Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) Velox fornecido pela Telemar em uma plataforma compatível com GNU/Linux, explicando todos os passos detalhadamente e todos os problemas que podem ocorrer em determinados momentos da instalação. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Conteúdo 1. Introdução 1.1 Licença 1.2 Pré-requisitos 1.3 Novas versões deste documento 1.4 Contribuindo 1.5 Créditos 2. Configurando o modem 2.1 Problemas iniciais 2.2 Verificando o hardware 2.3 Configurando o modem via GNU/Linux ou compatível 2.4 Configurando o modem via Microsoft Windows 3. Instalação no GNU/Linux ou compatível 3.1 Instalando e configurando o rp-pppoe 3.2 Alterações importantes 3.3 Estabelecendo a conexão e se autenticando 4. FAQ HOWTO-Velox 5. GNU Free Documentation License
1. Introdução 1.1 Licença HOWTO-Velox Copyright (c) 2001 Marcelo Dias de Toledo <> Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". 1.2 Pré-requisitos Para obter sucesso na instalação abaixo descrita você irá precisar de: o Um modem (Fornecido pela Telemar) o Fonte de energia (Fornecido pela Telemar) o Um cabo de rede com conector RJ-45 (Fornecido pela Telemar) o Um cabo telefônico. o Uma máquina com Microsoft Windows 95, 98 ou 2000, placa de rede com conector RJ-45, software de instalação da Velox para Microsoft Windows (Não é necessário caso o modem já esteja configurado ou será configurado com cabo serial) o Cabo serial utilizado para configurar o modem, minicom (Não é necessário caso o modem já esteja configurado ou será instalado a primeira vez no Microsoft Windows) o Uma máquina com sistema operacional compatível com GNU/Linux e placa de rede com entrada para RJ-45 o ppp 2.3.11 ou superior o rp-pppoe 2.6 ou superior 1.3 Novas versões deste documento Você pode encontrar a versão original e atualizada deste documento, assim também como outros relacionados no endereço abaixo: http://www.marcelotoledo.org/stuff.php?c=m&t=DIR&f=/stuff/projetos/velox 1.4 Contribuindo Para manter este documento atualizado é preciso de inúmeras contribuições, se você possui o serviço Velox e tem alguma dúvida ou gostaria de acrescentar algo neste documento, por favor envie um email para com um arquivo anexado no formato texto. 1.5 Créditos Para este documento alcançar sua atual forma foi preciso muita dedicação de várias pessoas, estas pessoas listadas abaixo contribuíram de alguma forma para a criação deste documento. Leonardo Lacerda <> Pelas informações iniciais cedidas. Jean Milanez Melo <> Por ter escrito o primeiro documento relacionado ao velox. 2. Primeira conexão 2.1 Problemas iniciais Um profissional da Telemar apareceu em minha casa em um sábado por volta de nove e quarenta da manhã, analisou a linha telefônica e verificou a entrada da minha placa de rede, disse que ia na central configurar algumas coisas e voltava no período de trinta a sessenta minutos. Três horas depois o mesmo rapaz aparece, trouxe com ele o modem HomeConnect, o cabo de rede e a fonte, instalou tudo e disse que uma outra pessoa viria instalar o software, eu disse que não seria necessário pois iria instalar em um outro sistema operacional e que tudo que ele tinha feito já era suficiente, ele não sabia nem o que era sistema operacional mas entendeu a mensagem, assinei um documento e ele foi embora. Logo depois sentei em frente ao monitor para quebrar a cabeça e descobrir como iria configurar a Velox no meu Slackware GNU/Linux 7.1. Fiz todos os passos descritos na seção de instalação (logo abaixo) e infelizmente não obtive sucesso, fiz dezenas de tentativas, mexendo no código fonte, alterando scripts, utilizando versões diferentes de software, até que resolvi entrar em contato com um conhecido que já tinha Velox, perguntei se em todos os sistemas compatíveis com GNU/Linux que ele já havia instalado o Velox a primeira conexão tinha sido feita com GNU/Linux, ele respondeu que coincidentemente não, todos haviam passado antes pelo sistema operacional Windows da Microsoft. Teimoso como sempre, peguei o computador do meu irmão que roda Microsoft Windows 98 puxei o software de instalação da Velox e obtive sucesso na conexão. Logo em seguida pulei para o GNU/Linux novamente para tentar fazer as mesmas tentativas que havia feito anteriormente, e o inacreditável aconteceu, funcionou :-). Isso aconteceu porque o modem precisa ser configurado previamente para funcionar corretamente e como o modem nunca havia sido utilizando não existia nenhum tipo de configuração salva naquele modem. Mas sim, é possível fazer toda a instalação sobre GNU/Linux ou compatível via cabo serial como indicado logo em seguida ou instalando o software para Microsoft Windows fornecido pela telemar que configura o modem para você. 2.2 Verificando o hardware Antes de iniciar a instalação ou configuração verifique: o Se o cabo de rede está ligado corretamente o Se o cabo telefone esta ligado corretamente o Se o cabo de energia esta ligado corretamente o Se a luz de power esta acessa 2.3 Configurando o modem via GNU/Linux ou compatível (apenas o modem HomeConnect DualLink da 3Com) Este passo não foi testado por mim mas já foi testado por outras pessoas e com sucesso, se tiverem algo a corrigir ou acrescentar me enviem um email. o Ligue o cabo serial no seu computador e na parte de traz do modem Agora vamos configurar o minicom para que ele acesse o device correto. # minicom -s Escolha a opção 'Serial port setup' Escolha a letra que indica o serial device e digite o caminho para o device que você ligou o cabo. Saia e salve as configurações. dentro do minicom digite os seguintes comandos exatamente como listado abaixo: add port ISP Este comando abaixo contem dados que podem variar de cidade para cidade, consulte o suporte técnico velox para obter mais informações. set port ISP network ppp vpi 0 vci 35 enable port ISP save all 2.4 Configurando o modem via Microsoft Windows Atenção - Se você for fazer/ou fez a configuração do modem via serial pule esta seção. Você deve baixar o arquivo de instalação do Velox para Microsoft Windows no endereço: http://www.marcelotoledo.org/stuff.php?c=m&t=DIR&f=/stuff/projetos/velox Descompacte o arquivo e clique em setup.exe, o procedimento de instalação é muito simples, respondendo perguntas simples e clicando em Next até o fim da instalação que finaliza com o pedido de Reinício da máquina. As perguntas feitas são: o Ethernet / USB Nesse ponto você deve escolher Ethernet. o Provedor / Velox Nesse ponto vai ter apenas uma opção que é o Velox. o Login e Senha O login e a senha são padrões para todos os usuários Velox no país. Eles consistem no código de área da sua cidade seguido do seu telefone. ex: XXTTTTTTT onde XX é o código da cidade e TTTTTTT é o numero do seu telefone onde está instalado Velox. Em algum momento ele irá fazer verificações de comunicação entre o computador e o modem, e logo depois deverá finalizar a instalação sem maiores problemas, um pedido para reiniciar a máquina será feito, aceite. Um ícone irá aparecer no seu desktop, execute-o e você deverá estar na rede Velox. Agora para acessar a internet você precisa de uma conta para se autenticar em http://velox.telemar.com.br. Os provedores atuais são: o A Tarde On-Line (http://www.atarde.com.br) o iG (http://www.ig.com.br) o Internett (http://www.internett.com.br) o Terra (http://www.terra.com.br) Depois de autenticado você estará livre para navegar na internet. 3. Instalação no GNU/Linux ou compatível 3.1 Instalando e configurando o rp-pppoe Testei as versões 2.6, 3.0, 3.1 e 3.2 todas funcionaram, caso você tenha problemas com versões mais recentes tente utilizar as mais antigas. $ tar zxvf rp-pppoe-3.0.tar.gz $ cd rp-pppoe-3.0/ $ ./go Esse é um script que roda o configure, make, make install e o setup, caso algo de errado utilize esses comandos abaixo, caso tudo tenha ocorrido sem maiores problemas pule esta etapa. $ cd src/ $ ./configure $ make $ su - # make install # adsl-setup Primeiro passo: Welcome to the Roaring Penguin ADSL client setup. First, I will run some checks on your system to make sure the PPPoE client is installed properly... Looks good! Now, please enter some information: USER NAME >>> Enter your PPPoE user name (default ALGUMA_COISA): Digite XXTTTTTTT onde XX é o seu código de cidade e TTTTTTT é o número telefone onde esta instalado o Velox. Segunda passo: INTERFACE >>> Enter the Ethernet interface connected to the ADSL modem For Solaris, this is likely to be something like /dev/hme0. For Linux, it will be ethn, where 'n' is a number. (default eth0): Se sua interface padrão for eth0 aperte enter, caso contrario digite sua interface. Terceiro passo: Do you want the link to come up on demand, or stay up continuously? If you want it to come up on demand, enter the idle time in seconds after which the link should be dropped. If you want the link to stay up permanently, enter 'no' (two letters, lower-case.) NOTE: Demand-activated links do not interact well with dynamic IP addresses. You may have some problems with demand-activated links. >>> Enter the demand value (default no): Aperte enter, vamos deixar como padrão que o link fique sempre conectado e que não precise de trafego para se conectar (demand). Quarto passo: DNS Please enter the IP address of your ISP's primary DNS server. If your ISP claims that 'the server will provide DNS addresses', enter 'server' (all lower-case) here. If you just press enter, I will assume you know what you are doing and not modify your DNS setup. >>> Enter the DNS information here: Digite um dns primario. Quinto passo: Please enter the IP address of your ISP's secondary DNS server. If you just press enter, I will assume there is only one DNS server. >>> Enter the secondary DNS server address here: Digite um dns secundario. Sexto passo: PASSWORD >>> Please enter your PPPoE password: Digite XXTTTTTTT onde XX é o seu código de cidade e TTTTTTT é o número telefone onde esta instalado o Velox. >>> Please re-enter your PPPoE password: Re-digite a mesma senha. Sétimo passo: FIREWALLING Please choose the firewall rules to use. Note that these rules are very basic. You are strongly encouraged to use a more sophisticated firewall setup; however, these will provide basic security. If you are running any servers on your machine, you must choose 'NONE' and set up firewalling yourself. Otherwise, the firewall rules will deny access to all standard servers like Web, e-mail, ftp, etc. If you are using SSH, the rules will block outgoing SSH connections which allocate a privileged source port. The firewall choices are: 0 - NONE: This script will not set any firewall rules. You are responsible for ensuring the security of your machine. You are STRONGLY recommended to use some kind of firewall rules. 1 - STANDALONE: Appropriate for a basic stand-alone web-surfing workstation 2 - MASQUERADE: Appropriate for a machine acting as an Internet gateway for a LAN >>> Choose a type of firewall (0-2): Coloque o número 0 e aperte enter. Oitavo passo: ** Summary of what you entered ** Ethernet Interface: eth0 User name: XXTTTTTTT Activate-on-demand: No Primary DNS: seu dns primário. Secondary DNS: seu dns secundário. Firewalling: NONE >>> Accept these settings and adjust configuration files (y/n)? Aperte y e todas as suas configurações serão salvas. Adjusting /etc/ppp/pppoe.conf Adjusting /etc/resolv.conf Adjusting /etc/ppp/pap-secrets and /etc/ppp/chap-secrets (But first backing it up to /etc/ppp/pap-secrets-bak) (But first backing it up to /etc/ppp/chap-secrets-bak) Congratulations, it should be all set up! Type 'adsl-start' to bring up your ADSL link and 'adsl-stop' to bring it down. Type 'adsl-status' to see the link status. Se tudo ocorreu como descrito a instalação e configuração do software rp-pppoe foi concluída com sucesso. 3.2 Alterações importantes As ultimas alterações a serem feitas para que tudo ocorra sem maiores problemas é: o Certificar-se que o arquivo /etc/ppp/options esteja vazio o Para o modem HomeConnect DualLink da 3Com, no arquivo /etc/ppp/pppoe.conf, na linha onde contém # PPPOE_EXTRA="-f 3c12:3c13 -S ISP" Certifique-se esta linha esteja descomentada ficando assim: PPPOE_EXTRA="-f 3c12:3c13 -S ISP" Essa linha é requerida apenas para modems ADSL HomeConnect DualLink da 3Com. 3.3 Estabelecendo a conexão e se autenticando Inicie o script 'adsl-start', algo parecido com isso deverá acontecer: # adsl-start . Connected! Você está conectado, basta ir no endereço http://velox.telemar.com.br para se autenticar para obter acesso a internet. Em qualquer momento se tiver dúvidas de como esta sua conexão rode o script 'adsl-status' que mostrará algo parecido com isso: # adsl-status adsl-status: Link is up and running on interface ppp0 ppp0 Link encap:Point-to-Point Protocol inet addr:ALGUM_IP P-t-P:ALGUM_IP Mask:MASCARA UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1492 Metric:1 RX packets:1236 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1300 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:10 Eu desenvolvi um script para fazer essa autenticação através de um script shell, basta coloca-lo no fim do script /etc/ppp/ip-up e sempre que você rodar adsl-start você estará conectado e autenticado. Pegue o script em: http://www.marcelotoledo.org/stuff.php?c=m&t=DIR&f=/stuff/projetos/velox
ou
Cópia Local (download)
Cópia Local - velox-auth.sh (Texto) 4. HOWTO-Velox P: Como eu faço para manter minha conexão up 24/7 e sempre que cair ele inicie e se autentique automaticamente? R: O rp-pppoe se configurado como acima vai tentar manter a ADSL sempre up, se ela cair ele vai coloca-la up novamente. Agora para se autenticar sempre que a ADSL re-iniciar basta adicionar o velox-script.sh no final do /etc/ppp/ip-up. Assim sempre que a conexão for re-iniciada por algum motivo você estará automaticamente autenticado. P: Como eu faço para compartilhar minha conexão com outros computadores via rede? R: Basta ligar o cabo de rede do velox e dos outros computadores em um HUB. Uma dessas maquinas deverá ser o servidor que irá fazer o forward de pacotes para as outras maquinas e as outras maquinas deverão ser configuradas utilizando como servidor a maquina que está fazendo o forward, isso é possível utilizando apenas uma placa de rede pelo fato de ser utilizado mac addresses. 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Cópia Local - velox-auth.sh
#!/bin/sh # velox-auth.sh # # Versão: 2.0 - Mon Dec 9, 2002 @ 10:08 PM # # Copyright 2001 Marcelo Toledo <> # All rights reserved. # # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or # (at your option) any later version. # # # Descrição: # # Este script automatiza a autenticação no serviço Velox fornecido pela # Telemar. Foi desenvolvido para funcionar em uma plataforma compativel # com GNU/Linux mas poderá funcionar sobre plataforma windows utilizando # o Lynx (internet browser) portado para o mesmo. # # Para ultima versão acesse: # # http://www.marcelotoledo.org/stuff.php?c=m&t=DIR&f=/stuff/projetos/velox # # # Agradecimentos: # # Manoel Pinho <> # Por ter atualizado a lista de provedores do Rio de Janeiro. # diretorio do lynx LYNX=/usr/bin/lynx # seu login LOGIN='login' # sua senha SENHA='senha' # # Provedores (descomente a linha correspondente ao seu provedor) # # AT&T #PROVEDOR='_ATT' # ATARDE #PROVEDOR='_ATARDE' # BrFree #PROVEDOR='_BRFREE' # Bridge Online #PROVEDOR='_BRIDGE' # BrTurbo #PROVEDOR='_BRTURBO' # CPUNET #PROVEDOR='_CPUNET' # Centroin #PROVEDOR='_CENTROIN' # Connection #PROVEDOR='_CONNECTION' # Cyberwal #PROVEDOR='_CYBERWAL' # DDN #PROVEDOR='_DDN' # Digital Highway #PROVEDOR='_DH' # GD Computadores #PROVEDOR='_GD' # Image Link #PROVEDOR='_IMAGELINK4' # Infolink #PROVEDOR='_INFOLINK2' # Inside #PROVEDOR='_INSIDE' # Inter.net #PROVEDOR='_INTERDOTNET' # Internett #PROVEDOR='_INTERNETT' # ISM #PROVEDOR='_ISM' # Marlin #PROVEDOR='_MARLIN' # MTECnet #PROVEDOR='_MTECNET' # PRODASAL #PROVEDOR='_PRODASAL' # RJ Net #PROVEDOR='_RJNET' # Seven Internet #PROVEDOR='_SEVEN' # Super IG #PROVEDOR='_SUPERIG' # Terra (Rio de Janeiro) #PROVEDOR='_TERRA' # Terra (Salvador e MG) #PROVEDOR='_TERRAMG' # Uninet #PROVEDOR='_UNINET' # WB Consultoria #PROVEDOR='_WB' # WEST #PROVEDOR='_WEST' # VeloNET #PROVEDOR='_VELONET' # Empresarial #PROVEDOR='' # # Não modifique # HOST='www.veloxzone.com.br' COOKIE='$RANDOM$RANDOM' $LYNX -source "http://$HOST" 1> /dev/null 2> /dev/null $LYNX -source "http://$HOST/dashboard?fcn=accountLogonPrompt" 1> /dev/null 2> /dev/null $LYNX -source "http://$HOST/dashboard?fcn=viewToolbar&JSESSID=$COOKIE" 1> /dev/null 2> /dev/null $LYNX -source "http://$HOST/dashboard?fcn=viewServiceList&JSESSID=$COOKIE" 1> /dev/null 2> /dev/null $LYNX -source "http://velox.telemar.com.br/dashboard?fcn=viewDashBoardFrame&serviceViewFcn=viewService&service=internet$PROVEDOR&JSESSID=$COOKIE" 1> /dev/null 2> /dev/null $LYNX -source "http://$HOST/dashboard?fcn=viewService&service=internet$PROVEDOR&JSESSID=$COOKIE" 1> /dev/null 2> /dev/null $LYNX -source "http://$HOST/dashboard?&fcn=serviceLogon&service=internet$PROVEDOR&username=$LOGIN&password=$SENHA&x=55&y=12&JSESSID=$COOKIE" 1> /dev/null 2> /dev/null echo "velox-auth: Autenticação enviada."